Author Archives: Robert

Code samples for my book on Querying data with Transact-SQL (MCSA 70-761), chapter 1

Posted on July 9, 2018 by Robert

USE WideWorldImporters

-- Create Transact-SQL SELECT queries

-- 001 
SELECT	*
FROM	Orders

-- 002
SELECT	name
FROM	sys.servers
WHERE	server_id = 0

-- 003
SELECT	*
FROM	[DESKTOP-LO5S40T].Wideworldimporters.sales.orders

-- 004
SELECT	d.name
		,MAX(b.backup_finish_date) AS 'Most recent full backup'
FROM	master.sys.databases d
		LEFT OUTER JOIN msdb..backupset b ON d.name = b.database_name
WHERE	d.name <> 'tempdb'
		AND (b.type = 'D' OR b.type IS NULL)
GROUP BY d.name
ORDER BY d.name;

-- 005
CREATE TABLE dbo.Orders (id int)

SELECT	*
FROM	dbo.Orders

DROP TABLE dbo.Orders

-- 006
SELECT name
	,default_schema_name
FROM	sys.database_principals
WHERE	principal_id = user_id();

-- 007
CREATE SYNONYM [dbo].[Orders] FOR [WideWorldImporters].[Sales].[Orders]
SELECT	*
FROM	dbo.Orders

-- 008
DROP SYNONYM [dbo].[Orders]

-- 009
SELECT	master.sys.databases.name

-- 010
SELECT	o.*
FROM	(SELECT * FROM Sales.Orders) o

-- SELECT clause

-- 011
SELECT	OrderID as 'Order number'
FROM	Sales.Orders

SELECT	'Order number' =  OrderID
FROM	Sales.Orders

-- 012
SELECT	UPPER(FullName)
FROM	[Application].[People]

--WHERE clause

-- 013
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	PersonID = 1

-- 014
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	FullName = 'Kayla Woodcock'

-- 015
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	EmailAddress = NULL

-- 016
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	EmailAddress IS NULL

-- 017
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	FullName LIKE 'Daniel%'

-- 018
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	PreferredName LIKE 'Isabell_'

-- 019
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	PreferredName LIKE 'Isabell[a-z]'

-- 020
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	PreferredName IN ('Isabelle', 'Isabell')

-- 021
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	PreferredName IN (	SELECT	CustomerName
				FROM	sales.Customers )

-- 022
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	PreferredName BETWEEN 'I' AND 'Isabelle'

-- 023
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	PersonID BETWEEN 1 AND 10

-- 024
SELECT GETDATE()

-- 025
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	ValidTo > GETDATE()

-- 026
SELECT LEFT('Isabelle', 3)

-- 027
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	LEFT(PreferredName,3) = 'Isa' 

SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	PreferredName LIKE 'Isa%' 

-- 028
DECLARE @FirstName varchar(50)

SET @FirstName = 'Isabelle'

SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	PreferredName = @FirstName 

SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	PreferredName = 'Isabelle'

-- 029
DECLARE @FullName varchar(50)

SELECT	@FullName = FullName
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	PreferredName = 'Isabelle'

SELECT @FullName

-- 030
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	1 = 1

-- 031
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	PersonID = 1
		AND PersonID = 2

-- 032
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	PersonID = 1
		OR PersonID = 2

--033
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	PersonID IN (1, 2)

-- 034
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	(PersonID = 1
		OR PersonID = 2)
		AND PreferredName = 'Isabella'

SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	PersonID = 1
		OR (PersonID = 2
		AND PreferredName = 'Isabella')

/* ORDER BY clause */

-- 035
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
ORDER BY PreferredName

-- 036
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
ORDER BY PreferredName DESC

-- 037
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
ORDER BY PreferredName, PersonID

-- 038
SELECT	PreferredName
FROM	[Application].[People]
ORDER BY ValidFrom


/* Set operators */

-- 039
SELECT 1, 'record 1'
UNION
SELECT 2, 'record 2'

-- 040
SELECT 1, 'record 1'
UNION
SELECT 1, 'record 2'

SELECT 1, 'record 1'
UNION ALL
SELECT 1, 'record 2'

-- 041
SELECT 1, 'record 1' as Alias1
UNION
SELECT 2 as Alias2, 'record 2' as Alias3

-- 042 
SELECT 1, 'record 1' 
UNION 
SELECT 2 , GETDATE()

-- 043
SELECT 1, 'record 1'
EXCEPT
SELECT 1, 'record 1'

-- 044
SELECT 1, 'record 1'
INTERSECT
SELECT 1, 'record 1'

-- 045
USE TestDB
GO
CREATE TABLE dbo.Customers 
	(
	CustomerID	tinyint			NOT NULL	IDENTITY
	,FirstName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,LastName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,[Address]	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	);

-- 046
CREATE TABLE dbo.Employees 
	(
	EmployeeID	tinyint			NOT NULL	IDENTITY
	,FirstName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,LastName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,[Address]	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	);

-- 047
INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson', 'Main street 1, Dallas');
INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Frank', 'Smith', 'Second street 2, Miami');
INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Joe', 'Johnson', 'Third Avenue 3, New York');

INSERT dbo.Employees VALUES ('Jack', 'Ford', 'Second street 2, Denver');
INSERT dbo.Employees VALUES ('Donald', 'Charleston', 'Times Square, New York');
INSERT dbo.Employees VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson', 'Main street 1, Dallas');

-- 048
SELECT	FirstName, LastName, Address
FROM	Customers
UNION 
SELECT	FirstName, LastName, Address
FROM	Employees

-- 049
DROP TABLE dbo.Customers;
DROP TABLE dbo.Employees;

/* Section 2: Querying multiple tables by using joins */

-- 050
SELECT	*
FROM	Sales.Orders
	,Sales.OrderLines

-- 051
SELECT	*
FROM	Sales.Orders
	CROSS JOIN Sales.OrderLines

-- 052
SELECT	*
FROM	Sales.Orders
	,Sales.OrderLines
WHERE	Sales.Orders.OrderID = Sales.OrderLines.OrderID

-- 053
SELECT	*
FROM	Sales.Orders o
	,Sales.OrderLines ol
WHERE	o.OrderID = ol.OrderID

-- 054
SELECT	*
FROM	Sales.Orders o
	,Sales.OrderLines ol
WHERE	o.OrderID = ol.OrderID
	AND o.OrderDate = '2014-07-17'

-- 055
SELECT	*
FROM	Sales.Orders o
	JOIN Sales.OrderLines ol ON o.OrderID = ol.OrderID
WHERE	o.OrderDate = '2014-07-17'

-- 056
SELECT	*
FROM	warehouse.StockItems
WHERE	StockItemID NOT IN (	SELECT	StockItemID 
				FROM	sales.Orderlines)


-- 057
CREATE TABLE dbo.Customers 
	(
	CustomerID	tinyint			NOT NULL	IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY
	,FirstName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,LastName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,[Address]	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	);

CREATE TABLE dbo.Orders 
	(
	OrderID			tinyint			NOT NULL	IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY
	,CustomerID		tinyint			NOT NULL
	,OrderDate		datetime		NOT NULL
	,SalesAmount	decimal(18,2)	NOT NULL
	);

INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson', 'Main street 1, Dallas');
INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Frank', 'Smith', 'Second street 2, Miami');
INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Joe', 'Johnson', 'Third Avenue 3, New York');

INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES (1, '2011-01-01', 30.02);
INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES (2, '2012-02-02', 15.99);
INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES (4, '2014-04-04', 107.00);

-- 058
SELECT	*
FROM	dbo.Customers c
	LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.Orders o ON c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID

-- 059
SELECT	*
FROM	dbo.Customers c
	RIGHT OUTER JOIN dbo.Orders o ON c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID

-- 060
INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES (1, '2015-05-05', 230.02);

-- 061 
SELECT * 
FROM   dbo.Customers c 
       FULL OUTER JOIN dbo.Orders o ON c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID

-- 062
CREATE TABLE dbo.OrderLines 
	(
	OrderLineID	tinyint			NOT NULL
	,OrderID	tinyint			NOT NULL	
	,Product	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,Units		tinyint			NOT NULL
	,UnitPrice	decimal(18,2)	NOT NULL
	);

INSERT dbo.OrderLines VALUES (1, 1, 'ProductA', 1, 10.04);
INSERT dbo.OrderLines VALUES (2, 1, 'ProductB', 2, 9.99);

-- 063
SELECT	*
FROM	dbo.Customers c
	INNER JOIN dbo.Orders o ON c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID
	LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.OrderLines ol on ol.OrderID = o.OrderID;

-- 064
SELECT	c.FirstName
		,c.LastName
		,o.OrderDate
		,o.SalesAmount
		,ol.Product
		,ol.Units
		,ol.UnitPrice
FROM	dbo.Customers c
		INNER JOIN dbo.Orders o ON c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID
		LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.OrderLines ol on ol.OrderID = o.OrderID
ORDER BY c.CustomerID, o.OrderID, ol.OrderLineID;

-- 065
DROP TABLE dbo.Customers;
DROP TABLE dbo.Orders;
DROP TABLE dbo.OrderLines;

--  Construct multiple JOIN operators using AND and OR

-- 066
CREATE TABLE dbo.Customers 
	(
	FirstName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,LastName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,[Address]	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	);

ALTER TABLE dbo.Customers ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Customers
PRIMARY KEY (FirstName, LastName)
GO

CREATE TABLE dbo.Orders 
	(
	OrderID	tinyint	NOT NULL	IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY
	,FirstName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,LastName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,OrderDate	datetime	NOT NULL
	,SalesAmount	decimal(18,2)	NOT NULL
	);

INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson', 'Main street 1, Dallas');
INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Frank', 'Smith', 'Second street 2, Miami');
INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Joe', 'Johnson', 'Third Avenue 3, New York');

INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson', '2011-01-01', 30.02);
INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES ('Frank', 'Smith', '2012-02-02', 15.99);
INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES ('Bob', 'Smith', '2014-04-04', 107.00);

-- 067
SELECT	*
FROM	dbo.Customers c
	FULL OUTER JOIN dbo.Orders o 
ON c.FirstName = o.FirstName AND c.LastName = o.LastName

-- 068
DROP TABLE dbo.Customers;
DROP TABLE dbo.Orders; 

-- 069
CREATE TABLE dbo.Student 
	(
	CustomerID	tinyint	NOT NULL	IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY
	,FirstName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,LastName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,FatherID	tinyint	NOT NULL
	,MotherID	tinyint	NOT NULL
	,IsCurrent	bit		NOT NULL
	);

CREATE TABLE dbo.Parent 
	(
	ParentID	tinyint	NOT NULL	IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY
	,FirstName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,LastName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,EmailAddress	varchar(100)	NULL
	);

INSERT dbo.Student VALUES ('Bob jr', 'Jackson', 1,2, 0);
INSERT dbo.Student VALUES ('Joe jr', 'Johnson', 3,4, 1);

INSERT dbo.Parent VALUES ('Bob sr', 'Jackson', NULL);
INSERT dbo.Parent VALUES ('Betty', 'Jackson', 'bettyjackson@someprovider.com');
INSERT dbo.Parent VALUES ('Joe sr', 'Johnson', 'joejohnson@someprovider.com');
INSERT dbo.Parent VALUES ('Jane', 'Johnson', 'janejohnson@someprovider.com');

-- 070
SELECT	s.FirstName AS 'Student first name'
		,s.LastName AS 'Student last name'
		,p.FirstName AS 'Parent first name'
		,p.LastName AS 'Parent last name'
		,p.EmailAddress
FROM	dbo.Student s
		inner join Parent p on s.FatherID = p.ParentID OR s.MotherID = p.ParentID
WHERE	s.IsCurrent = 1

-- 071
DROP TABLE dbo.Student
DROP TABLE dbo.Parent


-- Write queries with NULLs on joins

-- 072
CREATE TABLE dbo.Customers 
	(
	CustomerID	tinyint	NULL	
	,FirstName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,LastName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,[Address]	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	);

CREATE TABLE dbo.Orders 
	(
	OrderID	tinyint	NOT NULL	IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY
	,CustomerID	tinyint	NULL
	,OrderDate	datetime	NOT NULL
	,SalesAmount	decimal(18,2)	NOT NULL
	);

INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES (1, 'Bob', 'Jackson', 'Main street 1, Dallas');
INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES (2, 'Frank', 'Smith', 'Second street 2, Miami');
INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES (NULL, 'Joe', 'Johnson', 'Third Avenue 3, New York');

INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES (1, '2011-01-01', 30.02);
INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES (2, '2012-02-02', 15.99);
INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES (NULL, '2014-04-04', 107.00);

-- 073
SELECT * 
FROM dbo.Customers c 
INNER JOIN dbo.Orders o ON c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID 

-- 074
SELECT	ISNULL(CustomerID, 99)
FROM	dbo.Customers

-- 075
SELECT	*
FROM	dbo.Customers c
	INNER JOIN dbo.Orders o ON ISNULL(c.CustomerID,99) = ISNULL(o.CustomerID,99)

-- 076
SELECT	*
FROM	dbo.Customers c
	INNER JOIN dbo.Orders o ON	(c.CustomerID IS NULL and o.CustomerID IS NULL)
	OR c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID

-- 077
DROP TABLE dbo.Customers;
DROP TABLE dbo.Orders; 

/* Implement functions and aggregate data */

-- 078
SELECT	UPPER(FullName)
FROM	[Application].[People]

-- 079
SELECT LOWER('ABCDE')

-- 080
SELECT UPPER(LOWER('ABCDE'))

-- 081
SELECT	*
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	LOWER(PreferredName) = 'isabelle'

-- 082
SELECT *  
FROM fn_virtualfilestats(NULL,NULL); 

-- 083
SELECT DB_ID('WideWorldImporters')

-- 084
SELECT	DB_NAME(vfs.Dbid) as 'Database'
	,mf.name as 'File name'
	,mf.physical_name
	,CASE NumberReads
		WHEN 0 THEN 'none'
			ELSE CAST(IoStallReadMS/NumberReads AS varchar(100))
		END as 'Read latency'
	,CASE NumberWrites
		WHEN 0 THEN 'none'
			ELSE CAST(IoStallWriteMS/NumberWrites AS varchar(100))
		END as 'Write latency'  
FROM	fn_virtualfilestats(NULL,NULL) vfs
	INNER JOIN sys.master_files mf ON vfs.DbId = mf.database_id AND vfs.Fileid = mf.file_id
ORDER BY DbId, file_id;

/* Identify the impact of function usage to query performance and WHERE clause sargability */

-- 085
SELECT	PreferredName 
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	LEFT(PreferredName,3) = 'Isa'

SELECT	PreferredName 
FROM	[Application].[People]
WHERE	PreferredName LIKE 'Isa%'

/* index hint CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [<Name of Missing Index, sysname,>] ON [Application].[People] ([PreferredName]) */

-- 086
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [NonClusteredIndex-PerformanceDemo] ON [Application].[People]
(
	[PreferredName] ASC
)

GO

-- 087
DROP INDEX [NonClusteredIndex-PerformanceDemo] ON [Application].[People]

-- 088
SELECT DATEADD(week, 1, '2017-08-25')

-- 089
SELECT DATEADD(day, -1, GETDATE())

-- 090
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [NCIX-ExpectedDeliveryDate] ON [Sales].[Orders] ( [ExpectedDeliveryDate] ASC ) 

-- 091
SELECT	OrderID
FROM	Sales.Orders
WHERE	ExpectedDeliveryDate = DATEADD(day, 1, GETDATE())

SELECT	OrderID
FROM	Sales.Orders
WHERE	GETDATE() = DATEADD(day, -1, ExpectedDeliveryDate)

-- 092
DECLARE @tomorrow date

SET @tomorrow = DATEADD(day, 1, GETDATE())

SELECT	OrderID
FROM	Sales.Orders
WHERE	ExpectedDeliveryDate = @tomorrow

-- 093
DROP INDEX [NCIX-ExpectedDeliveryDate] ON [Sales].[Orders]

/* Identify the differences between deterministic and non-deterministic functions */

-- 094
select RAND()

/* Use built-in aggregate functions */

-- 095
SELECT	MAX(preferredname)
FROM	Application.People

-- 096
SELECT	TOP 1 PreferredName
FROM	Application.People
ORDER BY PreferredName DESC

-- 097
SELECT	count(*)
FROM	sales.orders

-- 098
EXEC sp_spaceused 'sales.orders'

-- 099
SELECT	SalespersonPersonID
		,count(*) AS 'Orders per salesperson'
FROM	sales.orders
GROUP BY SalespersonPersonID
ORDER BY SalespersonPersonID

-- 100
SELECT	'Average' = AVG(quantity)
		,'Average #2' = AVG(CAST(quantity as decimal(5,2)))
		,'Number' = COUNT(*)
		,'Maximum' = MAX(quantity)
		,'Minimum' = MIN(quantity)
		,'Total' = SUM(quantity)
FROM Sales.Orderlines;

-- 101
SELECT cast(9310904 as dec(18,2))/cast(231412 as dec(18,2))
SELECT 9310904/231412

/* Use arithmetic functions, date-related functions, and system functions */

-- 102
SELECT	'Year' = YEAR('2017-08-26')
		,'Year #2' = DATEPART(YEAR,'2017-08-26') 
		,'Month' =  MONTH('2017-08-26')
		,'Name of the month' = DATENAME(MONTH,'2017-08-26')
		,'Day' =  DAY('2017-08-26')
		,'Name of the day' = DATENAME(WEEKDAY,'2017-08-26')
		,'Day of the week' = DATEPART(WEEKDAY,'2017-08-26');

-- 103
SELECT @@DATEFIRST

-- 104
SET DATEFIRST 1;
SELECT 'First day of the week' = CASE @@DATEFIRST
	WHEN 1 THEN 'Monday'
	WHEN 2 THEN 'Tuesday'
	WHEN 3 THEN 'Wednesday'
	WHEN 4 THEN 'Thursday'
	WHEN 5 THEN 'Friday'
	WHEN 6 THEN 'Saturday'
	WHEN 7 THEN 'Sunday'
	ELSE 'I do not know what went wrong here'
	END
SET DATEFIRST 7;

-- 105
SELECT 'Current time' = Current_Timestamp
		,'Current time #2' = GETDATE()
		,'Current time more precision' = Sysdatetime()
SELECT 'Current UTC time' = Getutcdate()
		,'Current time more precision' = Sysutcdatetime()
		,'Current time + UTC offset' = Sysdatetimeoffset()

-- 106
SELECT TODATETIMEOFFSET(GETDATE(), '+00:00')

-- 107
SELECT 'Moscow time' = SWITCHOFFSET (Sysdatetimeoffset(), '+03:00')

-- 108
SELECT ISDATE('2017-02-29')

-- 109
SELECT DATEDIFF(day,'1971-09-03', GETDATE())


/* arithmetic functions */

-- 110
SELECT ABS (7), ABS(-7)	
 
-- 111
SELECT 7 % 3

-- 112
SELECT	'Floor' =			FLOOR(12.345)
		,'Ceiling' =		CEILING(12.345)
		,'Round to 100' =	ROUND(12.345, -2)
		,'Round to 10' =	ROUND(12.345, -1)
		,'Round to 1' =		ROUND(12.345, 0)
		,'Round to .1' =	ROUND(12.345, 1)
		,'Round to .01' =	ROUND(12.345, 2)

/* string functions */

-- 113
SELECT CONCAT('mon', 'day')

-- 114
SELECT 'mon' + 'day'

-- 115
SELECT	firstname + ' ' + lastname
FROM	dbo.parent

SELECT	CONCAT(firstname, ' ', lastname)
FROM	dbo.parent

-- 116
SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL OFF
SELECT 'mon' + NULL + 'day'
SELECT CONCAT('mon', NULL, 'day')

SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL ON
SELECT 'mon' + NULL + 'day'
SELECT CONCAT('mon', NULL, 'day')

-- 117
SELECT LEFT('monday',3)
SELECT RIGHT('monday',3)

-- 118
SELECT SUBSTRING('The middle part', 5, 6)

-- 119
SELECT LEFT('monday', 3)

-- 120
SELECT SUBSTRING('monday', 1, 3)

-- 121
SELECT CHARINDEX('middle', 'the middle part')

-- 122
SELECT CHARINDEX('t', 'the middle part')

-- 123
SELECT CHARINDEX('t', 'the middle part', 2)

-- 124
SELECT PATINDEX('%m%e%', 'the middle part')  

-- 125
SELECT REPLACE('the middle part', 'middle', 'best')

-- 126
SELECT LEN('the middle part')

-- 127
SELECT CHAR(65)
SELECT ASCII('A')

-- 128
DECLARE @strange_string VARCHAR(100) 

SET @strange_string = 'mon' + CHAR(27) + 'day'
SELECT @strange_string

SELECT ASCII(SUBSTRING(@strange_string,4,1))

-- 129
BACKUP DATABASE model TO DISK = 'd:\model.bak'

-- 130
SELECT	'BACKUP DATABASE ' + name 
FROM	sys.databases
WHERE	name <> 'tempdb'

-- 131
BACKUP DATABASE master
BACKUP DATABASE model
BACKUP DATABASE msdb
BACKUP DATABASE TestDB
BACKUP DATABASE WideWorldImporters

-- 132
SELECT	'BACKUP DATABASE ' + name + ' TO DISK = D:\' + name + '.bak'

-- 133
SELECT	'BACKUP DATABASE ' + name + ' TO DISK = ''D:\' + name + '.bak'''

-- 134
SELECT	'BACKUP DATABASE ' + name + 
' TO DISK = ' + CHAR(39) + 'D:\' + name + '.bak' + CHAR(39)

-- 135
SELECT	CONCAT('BACKUP DATABASE ', name, 
' TO DISK = ', CHAR(39), 'D:\', name, '.bak', CHAR(39))

-- 136
SELECT REVERSE('monday')

/* system functions */

-- 136
SELECT HOST_NAME()

-- 137
SELECT USER_NAME()

-- 138
CREATE TABLE dbo.Employees 
	(
	EmployeeID	tinyint	NOT NULL	IDENTITY
	,FirstName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,LastName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,[Address]	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	);

-- 139 
INSERT dbo.Employees VALUES ('Jack', 'Ford', 'Second street 2, Denver');

-- 140
INSERT dbo.Employees VALUES (1, 'Jack', 'Ford', 'Second street 2, Denver');

-- 141
SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.Employees ON;
INSERT dbo.Employees (EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, Address)
VALUES (1, 'Donald', 'Charleston', 'Times Square, New York');
SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.Employees OFF;

-- 142
INSERT dbo.Empolyees (FirstName, LastName, Address)
VALUES ('A.', 'Snowman' 'Mount Everest, Nepal');
SELECT @@IDENTITY

-- 143
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dbo.Orders
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dbo.OrderLines

CREATE TABLE dbo.Orders 
	(
	OrderID	tinyint	NOT NULL	IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY
	,CustomerID	tinyint	NOT NULL
	,OrderDate	datetime	NOT NULL
	,SalesAmount	decimal(18,2)	NOT NULL
	);

CREATE TABLE dbo.OrderLines 
	(
	OrderLineID	tinyint	NOT NULL	IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY
	,OrderID	tinyint	NOT NULL	
	,Product	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,Units		tinyint	NOT NULL
	,UnitPrice	decimal(18,2)	NOT NULL
	);

DECLARE @OrderID tinyint
INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES (1,'2015-05-05', 230.02);
SELECT @OrderID = @@IDENTITY

INSERT dbo.OrderLines VALUES ( @OrderID, 'ProductA', 1, 10.04);

-- 144
/*Old syntax to drop a table only if it exists*/
IF EXISTS (	SELECT name 
FROM 	sys.tables 
WHERE 	name = 'Orders' 
and schema_id=SCHEMA_ID('dbo'))
DROP TABLE dbo.Orders

-- 145
SELECT IDENT_CURRENT('dbo.Orders')

-- 146
SELECT 'Globally unique identifier' = NEWID()

-- 147
CREATE TABLE tblGUID (
	id	uniqueidentifier DEFAULT NEWSEQUENTIALID()
	,text	varchar(100));

INSERT tblGUID (text) VALUES ('One')
INSERT tblGUID (text) VALUES ('Two')
INSERT tblGUID (text) VALUES ('Three')

SELECT *
FROM tblGUID

-- 148
SELECT	ISNUMERIC('12') as Number
	,ISNUMERIC(12) as Number
	,ISNUMERIC('12A') as Number

-- 149
SELECT	TRY_CAST('$20' as money)
SELECT	TRY_CAST('$20' as int)
SELECT	CAST('$20' as int)

-- 150
SELECT	CAST('20170914' AS datetime)
	,CONVERT(datetime, '20170914')

-- 151
SELECT	 CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 100) AS 'Default'
	,CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 101) AS 'US'
	,CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 1) AS 'US (without century)'
	,CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 126) AS 'ISO8601'
	,CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 113) AS 'Europe default'

-- 152
SELECT	*
FROM	[Sales].[Invoices]

SELECT @@ROWCOUNT AS 'Number of records affected'

-- 153
SELECT * 
FROM [Sales].[Invoices] 

SELECT ROWCOUNT_BIG() AS 'Number of records affected'

/* Modify data */

-- 154
DROP IF EXISTS TABLE dbo.Employees 

CREATE TABLE dbo.Employees 
	(
	EmployeeID	tinyint	NOT NULL	IDENTITY
	,FirstName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,LastName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,[Address]	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	);

INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson', 'Main street 1, Dallas');

-- 155
INSERT dbo.Employees (FirstName, LastName) 
VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson')

INSERT dbo.Employees (FirstName, LastName, Address) 
VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson', NULL)

-- 156
CREATE TABLE dbo.Employees 
	(
	EmployeeID	tinyint	NOT NULL IDENTITY
	,FirstName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,LastName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,[Address]	varchar(100)	NOT NULL DEFAULT 'Under the bridge'
	)

-- 157
ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ADD DEFAULT ('Under the bridge') FOR [Address]

INSERT dbo.Employees (FirstName, LastName) 
VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson')

-- 158
INSERT dbo.Employees (FirstName, LastName) 
VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson') 

INSERT dbo.Employees (FirstName, LastName, Address) 
VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson', DEFAULT)

-- 159
INSERT dbo.Employees DEFAULT VALUES

-- 160
INSERT  dbo.Employees (FirstName, LastName) 
VALUES	('Bob', 'Jackson')
	,('Bo', 'Jackson')
	,('Bill', 'Jackson')

-- 161
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dbo.Employees_backup

CREATE TABLE dbo.Employees_backup 
	(
	FirstName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,LastName	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	,[Address]	varchar(100)	NOT NULL
	)

INSERT	dbo.Employees_backup
SELECT	FirstName, LastName, [Address]
FROM	dbo.Employees

-- 162
INSERT	dbo.Employees_backup
SELECT	FirstName, LastName, [Address]
FROM	dbo.Employees
UNION 
SELECT 'Tim', 'Smith', 'Miami'

-- 163
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dbo.Employees_backup

SELECT	FirstName, LastName, [Address]
INTO	dbo.Employees_backup
FROM	dbo.Employees

-- 164
CREATE PROC dbo.usp_get_employees
AS
BEGIN
	SELECT FirstName, LastName, Address FROM dbo.Employees
END

-- 165
EXEC usp_get_employees
 
-- 166
INSERT 	dbo.Employees_backup
EXEC 	usp_get_employees

-- 167
DECLARE @sql nvarchar(1000)

SET @sql = 'SELECT FirstName, LastName, Address FROM dbo.Employees'

EXEC (@sql)

-- 168
EXEC sp_executesql @statement = @sql

-- 169
INSERT dbo.Employees_backup
EXEC (@sql)

-- 170
INSERT dbo.Employees_backup
EXEC sp_executesql @statement = @sql

/* In more detail: dynamic SQL */

-- 171
SELECT	TOP (3) *
FROM	dbo.Employees

-- 172
SELECT	TOP 50 percent *
FROM	dbo.Employees

-- 173
SELECT	TOP 50 percent *
FROM	dbo.Employees
ORDER BY LastName

-- 174
DECLARE @sql	varchar(1000)
	,@top	int

SET @top = 3
SET @sql = 'SELECT TOP ' + CAST (@top as varchar(10)) + 'FirstName, LastName, Address FROM dbo.Employees'

EXEC (@sql)

-- 175
-- create the table 
CREATE TABLE Students (
FirstName	varchar(100)
	,LastName	varchar(100))

INSERT INTO dbo.Students (FirstName, LastName) VALUES('Robert', 'Tables')

-- fetch the student record 
DECLARE @sql		nvarchar(1000)
	,@Firstname	nvarchar(1000)

SET @Firstname = 'Robert'
SET @sql = 'SELECT * FROM dbo.Students WHERE FirstName = ' + CHAR(39) + @Firstname + CHAR(39)

EXEC (@sql)

-- 176
SET @Firstname = 'Robert''; DROP TABLE dbo.Students--'

-- 177
SET @sql = 'SELECT * FROM dbo.Students WHERE FirstName = @FirstName' 

EXECUTE sp_executesql 
	@statement = @sql
	,@parameters = N'@FirstName as varchar(1000)'
	,@FirstName = @FirstName

-- 178
DECLARE @sql nvarchar(1000)
	,@top int

SET @sql = 'SELECT TOP (@top) FirstName, LastName, Address FROM dbo.Employees'
SET @top = 3

EXEC sp_executesql 
	@statement = @sql
	,@parameters = N'@top as int'
	,@top = @top

-- 179
SELECT TOP (@top) FirstName, LastName, Address 
FROM dbo.Employees

/* Cursors */

-- 180
USE WideWorldImporters

DECLARE crsLoop CURSOR FOR
SELECT	TOP (50) FullName, UserPreferences
FROM	[Application].[People]
ORDER BY FullName

DECLARE @FullName nvarchar(50)
	,@UserPreferences nvarchar(max)

OPEN crsLoop 

FETCH NEXT FROM crsLoop INTO @FullName, @UserPreferences

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
	SELECT @FullName AS [Full Name], @UserPreferences AS [User Preferences]
	FETCH NEXT FROM crsLoop INTO @FullName, @UserPreferences
END

CLOSE crsLoop
DEALLOCATE crsLoop

-- 181
SELECT @@SPID

-- 182
KILL 58

-- 183
SELECT	*
FROM	master..sysprocesses
WHERE	dbid= DB_ID('TestDB')

-- 184
SELECT	spid
FROM	master..sysprocesses
WHERE	dbid= DB_ID('TestDB')
GROUP BY spid

SELECT	DISTINCT spid
FROM	master..sysprocesses
WHERE	dbid= DB_ID('TestDB')

-- 185
SELECT	'KILL ' + CAST(spid AS VARCHAR(10))

-- 186
DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(100);

DECLARE crsKill CURSOR LOCAL FAST_FORWARD
FOR SELECT	'KILL ' + CAST(spid AS VARCHAR(10))
    FROM	master.dbo.sysprocesses   
    WHERE	dbid = DB_ID('TestDB')
    GROUP BY spid;

OPEN crsKill;

FETCH crsKill INTO @SQL;

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
    EXEC sp_executesql @SQL;

    FETCH crsKill INTO @SQL
END;

CLOSE crsKill;
DEALLOCATE crsKill;

/* update */

-- 187
UPDATE	dbo.Employees
SET	LastName = 'Didley'
WHERE	FirstName = 'Bo'

-- 188
UPDATE	TOP (1) dbo.Employees
SET	LastName = 'Didley'
WHERE	FirstName = 'Bo'
ORDER BY EmployeeID

-- 189
UPDATE	dbo.Employees
SET	LastName = 'Didley'
FROM	(	SELECT	TOP (1) EmployeeID
		FROM	dbo.Employees
		WHERE	FirstName = 'Bo'
		ORDER BY EmployeeID) AS e
WHERE	e.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID

-- 190
UPDATE dbo.Employees
SET	LastName = LTRIM(RTRIM(LastName))
	,Address = DEFAULT
WHERE	FirstName = 'Bo'

-- 191
UPDATE dbo.Employees
SET	LastName = LTRIM(RTRIM(LastName))
	,Address = 'Home of mr. ' + FirstName + ' ' + LastName
WHERE	FirstName = 'Bo'

-- 192
ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ADD Salary decimal(18,2) DEFAULT 1000.00

UPDATE	dbo.Employees
SET	Salary = DEFAULT

-- 193
UPDATE dbo.Employees
SET	Salary = Salary + 100
WHERE	FirstName = 'Bo'

UPDATE dbo.Employees
SET	Salary +=  100
WHERE	FirstName = 'Bo'


-- 194
-- Bitwise comparison operators
SELECT 1 & 1 AS 'Two ones', 1 & 0 AS 'Left one', 0 & 1  AS 'Right one', 0 & 0 AS 'No one'
SELECT 1 | 1 AS 'Two ones', 1 | 0 AS 'Left one', 0 | 1 AS 'Right one', 0 | 0 AS 'No one'
SELECT 1 ^ 1 AS 'Two ones', 1 ^ 0 AS 'Left one', 0 ^ 1 AS 'Right one', 0 ^ 0 AS 'No one'

-- 195
SELECT 5 & 19, 5 | 19, 5 ^ 19

-- 196
-- Update on join
UPDATE	c
SET	c.StandardDiscountPercentage = 5
FROM	sales.customers c
	INNER JOIN sales.Orders o on c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID
WHERE	o.OrderDate > '2016-01-01'

-- 197
UPDATE	Sales.Customers
SET	StandardDiscountPercentage = 0
WHERE	StandardDiscountPercentage = 5

-- 198
-- Nondeterministic update on join
UPDATE	o
SET	comments = ol.Description
FROM	sales.orders o
	INNER JOIN sales.orderlines ol ON o.orderid = ol.orderid
WHERE	o.OrderID = 46

-- 199
UPDATE	Sales.Orders
SET		comments = NULL

-- 200
-- Update WHERE CURRENT OF
DECLARE crsOrders CURSOR FOR
SELECT	orderid
FROM	Sales.orders

DECLARE @orderid int

OPEN crsOrders

FETCH NEXT FROM crsOrders INTO @orderid

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
	UPDATE Sales.Orders
	SET	Comments = 'This is order ' + CAST(@orderid AS VARCHAR(10))
	WHERE CURRENT OF crsOrders

	FETCH NEXT FROM crsOrders INTO @orderid
END

CLOSE crsOrders
DEALLOCATE crsOrders

-- 201
UPDATE	Sales.Orders
SET	Comments = 'This is order ' + CAST(OrderId as varchar(10))

-- 202
UPDATE	Sales.Orders
SET	comments = NULL

-- 203
DECLARE @Comments nvarchar(max)

UPDATE	Sales.Orders
SET	@Comments = Comments = 'This is order ' + CAST (OrderId as varchar(10))
WHERE	OrderId = 1

SELECT @Comments

/* Delete */
-- 204
SELECT * 
FROM	sales.customers c
	INNER JOIN sales.Orders o on c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID
WHERE	o.OrderDate < '2010-01-01'

-- 205
DELETE
FROM	c
FROM	sales.customers c
	INNER JOIN sales.Orders o on c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID
WHERE	o.OrderDate < '2010-01-01'

-- 206
DECLARE @rowcount int;

SET @rowcount = 1;

WHILE @rowcount > 0
BEGIN
	DELETE	TOP (100000)
	FROM	dbo.MyVeryLargeTable;

	SET @rowcount = @@rowcount;

	WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10';
END;

/* Output clause */

-- 207
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS output_test 
CREATE TABLE  output_test (id int,  SomeText varchar(100))

INSERT output_test (id, SomeText) VALUES (1,  'before')
INSERT output_test (id, SomeText) VALUES (2,  'before') 


UPDATE	output_test
SET		SomeText = 'after'
OUTPUT	DELETED.*, INSERTED.*

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS output_test

-- 208
INSERT output_test (id, SomeText) OUTPUT INSERTED.* VALUES (2,  'before')

-- 209
INSERT output_test (id, SomeText) OUTPUT INSERTED.id VALUES (2,  'before')

-- 210
OUTPUT	DELETED.* INTO output_test_before 

-- 211
OUTPUT	DELETED.id, DELETED.SomeText, GETDATE() INTO output_test_before (id, Sometext, ChangeTime)

/* Merge statement */

-- 212
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Params_target

CREATE TABLE Params_target (drive CHAR(1), threshold_in_GB tinyint)
INSERT Params_target VALUES ('C',10), ('D',10), ('E',10), ('Q',10)

DECLARE @drive CHAR(1) = 'Q'
		,@threshold_in_GB tinyint = 1

IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM  Params_target WHERE drive = @drive)
BEGIN
	UPDATE Params_target 
	SET threshold_in_GB = @threshold_in_GB
	WHERE drive = @drive
END
ELSE
BEGIN
	INSERT Params_target VALUES(@drive, @threshold_in_GB)
END

-- 213
SELECT	*
FROM	Params_target
ORDER BY drive

-- 214
-- setup
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Params_target
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Params_source

CREATE TABLE Params_target (drive CHAR(1), threshold_in_GB tinyint)
INSERT Params_target VALUES ('C',10), ('D',10), ('E',10), ('Q',1)

CREATE TABLE Params_source (drive CHAR(1), threshold_in_GB tinyint)
INSERT Params_source VALUES('Q',1)

--actual MERGE statement
MERGE Params_target AS TARGET
USING Params_source AS SOURCE
		ON TARGET.drive = SOURCE.drive
WHEN MATCHED AND SOURCE.threshold_in_GB <> TARGET.threshold_in_GB THEN 
	UPDATE SET threshold_in_GB = SOURCE.threshold_in_GB
WHEN NOT MATCHED BY TARGET THEN 
	INSERT (drive, threshold_in_GB) VALUES (SOURCE.drive, SOURCE.threshold_in_GB)
WHEN NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE THEN 
	DELETE
OUTPUT $action, deleted.threshold_in_GB, inserted.threshold_in_GB;

/* Determine the results of Data Definition Language (DDL) statements on supplied tables and data */

-- 215
-- add column
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD Department varchar(100) NULL

-- 216
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] DROP COLUMN Department

-- 217
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD Department varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'Sales'

Msg 5074, Level 16, State 1, Line 12
The object 'DF__Employees__Depar__2F5453E4' is dependent on column 'Department'.
Msg 4922, Level 16, State 9, Line 12

ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN Department failed because one or more objects access this column.

-- 218
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] DROP CONSTRAINT [DF__Employees__Depar__2F5453E4]

-- 219
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD Department varchar(100) NOT NULL 
CONSTRAINT DF_Department DEFAULT 'Sales'

-- 220
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD Department varchar(100) NULL 
CONSTRAINT DF_Department DEFAULT 'Sales' WITH VALUES

-- 221
SELECT	FirstName, LastName, Address, Salary
INTO	Employees_test
FROM	dbo.employees

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees_test] ADD EmployeeID int IDENTITY

/* alter column */

-- 222
ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ALTER COLUMN LastName int

-- 223
ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ALTER COLUMN LastName varchar(5)

-- 224
ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ALTER COLUMN LastName varchar(50)

-- 225
ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ALTER COLUMN EmployeeId tinyint

-- 226
ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Employeeid  PRIMARY KEY (EmployeeId)

-- 227
CREATE TABLE Departments (Department varchar(100) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY)
INSERT Departments VALUES ('Sales')

ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Department FOREIGN KEY (Department) REFERENCES Departments(Department)

ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ALTER COLUMN Department varchar(200)

-- 228
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD EmployeeNumber int NULL 
GO
UPDATE dbo.Employees SET EmployeeNumber = EmployeeID
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD CONSTRAINT uq_employeenumber UNIQUE (EmployeeNumber)
GO
INSERT dbo.Employees (FirstName, LastName, Address, Salary, Department, EmployeeNumber)
VALUES('Lisa', 'Simpson','Springfield',1500.00,'Sales', NULL )

-- 229
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] DROP COLUMN EmployeeNumber 

-- 230
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] DROP CONSTRAINT uq_employeenumber
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] DROP COLUMN EmployeeNumber

-- 231
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD EmployeeNumber int NULL 
EXEC sp_rename 'Employees.EmployeeNumber', 'Employee_Number'
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] DROP COLUMN Employee_Number

/* drop column */

-- 232
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] DROP COLUMN Department

-- 233
CREATE INDEX ix_department ON dbo.Employees(Department)
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] DROP COLUMN Department

-- 234
DROP INDEX ix_lastname

-- 235
ALTER TABLE table WITH CHECK CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL

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USE WideWorldImporters

-- Create Transact-SQL SELECT queries

-- 001

SELECT *

FROM Orders

-- 002

SELECT name

FROM sys.servers

WHERE server_id = 0

-- 003

SELECT *

FROM [DESKTOP-LO5S40T].Wideworldimporters.sales.orders

-- 004

SELECT d.name

,MAX(b.backup_finish_date) AS 'Most recent full backup'

FROM master.sys.databases d

LEFT OUTER JOIN msdb..backupset b ON d.name = b.database_name

WHERE d.name <> 'tempdb'

AND (b.type = 'D' OR b.type IS NULL)

GROUP BY d.name

ORDER BY d.name;

-- 005

CREATE TABLE dbo.Orders (id int)

SELECT *

FROM dbo.Orders

DROP TABLE dbo.Orders

-- 006

SELECT name

,default_schema_name

FROM sys.database_principals

WHERE principal_id = user_id();

-- 007

CREATE SYNONYM [dbo].[Orders] FOR [WideWorldImporters].[Sales].[Orders]

SELECT *

FROM dbo.Orders

-- 008

DROP SYNONYM [dbo].[Orders]

-- 009

SELECT master.sys.databases.name

-- 010

SELECT o.*

FROM (SELECT * FROM Sales.Orders) o

-- SELECT clause

-- 011

SELECT OrderID as 'Order number'

FROM Sales.Orders

SELECT 'Order number' = OrderID

FROM Sales.Orders

-- 012

SELECT UPPER(FullName)

FROM [Application].[People]

--WHERE clause

-- 013

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE PersonID = 1

-- 014

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE FullName = 'Kayla Woodcock'

-- 015

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE EmailAddress = NULL

-- 016

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE EmailAddress IS NULL

-- 017

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE FullName LIKE 'Daniel%'

-- 018

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE PreferredName LIKE 'Isabell_'

-- 019

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE PreferredName LIKE 'Isabell[a-z]'

-- 020

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE PreferredName IN ('Isabelle', 'Isabell')

-- 021

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE PreferredName IN ( SELECT CustomerName

FROM sales.Customers )

-- 022

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE PreferredName BETWEEN 'I' AND 'Isabelle'

-- 023

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE PersonID BETWEEN 1 AND 10

-- 024

SELECT GETDATE()

-- 025

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE ValidTo > GETDATE()

-- 026

SELECT LEFT('Isabelle', 3)

-- 027

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE LEFT(PreferredName,3) = 'Isa'

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE PreferredName LIKE 'Isa%'

-- 028

DECLARE @FirstName varchar(50)

SET @FirstName = 'Isabelle'

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE PreferredName = @FirstName

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE PreferredName = 'Isabelle'

-- 029

DECLARE @FullName varchar(50)

SELECT @FullName = FullName

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE PreferredName = 'Isabelle'

SELECT @FullName

-- 030

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE 1 = 1

-- 031

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE PersonID = 1

AND PersonID = 2

-- 032

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE PersonID = 1

OR PersonID = 2

--033

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE PersonID IN (1, 2)

-- 034

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE (PersonID = 1

OR PersonID = 2)

AND PreferredName = 'Isabella'

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE PersonID = 1

OR (PersonID = 2

AND PreferredName = 'Isabella')

/* ORDER BY clause */

-- 035

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

ORDER BY PreferredName

-- 036

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

ORDER BY PreferredName DESC

-- 037

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

ORDER BY PreferredName, PersonID

-- 038

SELECT PreferredName

FROM [Application].[People]

ORDER BY ValidFrom

/* Set operators */

-- 039

SELECT 1, 'record 1'

UNION

SELECT 2, 'record 2'

-- 040

SELECT 1, 'record 1'

UNION

SELECT 1, 'record 2'

SELECT 1, 'record 1'

UNION ALL

SELECT 1, 'record 2'

-- 041

SELECT 1, 'record 1' as Alias1

UNION

SELECT 2 as Alias2, 'record 2' as Alias3

-- 042

SELECT 1, 'record 1'

UNION

SELECT 2 , GETDATE()

-- 043

SELECT 1, 'record 1'

EXCEPT

SELECT 1, 'record 1'

-- 044

SELECT 1, 'record 1'

INTERSECT

SELECT 1, 'record 1'

-- 045

USE TestDB

CREATE TABLE dbo.Customers

(

CustomerID tinyint NOT NULL IDENTITY

,FirstName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,LastName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,[Address] varchar(100) NOT NULL

);

-- 046

CREATE TABLE dbo.Employees

(

EmployeeID tinyint NOT NULL IDENTITY

,FirstName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,LastName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,[Address] varchar(100) NOT NULL

);

-- 047

INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson', 'Main street 1, Dallas');

INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Frank', 'Smith', 'Second street 2, Miami');

INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Joe', 'Johnson', 'Third Avenue 3, New York');

INSERT dbo.Employees VALUES ('Jack', 'Ford', 'Second street 2, Denver');

INSERT dbo.Employees VALUES ('Donald', 'Charleston', 'Times Square, New York');

INSERT dbo.Employees VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson', 'Main street 1, Dallas');

-- 048

SELECT FirstName, LastName, Address

FROM Customers

UNION

SELECT FirstName, LastName, Address

FROM Employees

-- 049

DROP TABLE dbo.Customers;

DROP TABLE dbo.Employees;

/* Section 2: Querying multiple tables by using joins */

-- 050

SELECT *

FROM Sales.Orders

,Sales.OrderLines

-- 051

SELECT *

FROM Sales.Orders

CROSS JOIN Sales.OrderLines

-- 052

SELECT *

FROM Sales.Orders

,Sales.OrderLines

WHERE Sales.Orders.OrderID = Sales.OrderLines.OrderID

-- 053

SELECT *

FROM Sales.Orders o

,Sales.OrderLines ol

WHERE o.OrderID = ol.OrderID

-- 054

SELECT *

FROM Sales.Orders o

,Sales.OrderLines ol

WHERE o.OrderID = ol.OrderID

AND o.OrderDate = '2014-07-17'

-- 055

SELECT *

FROM Sales.Orders o

JOIN Sales.OrderLines ol ON o.OrderID = ol.OrderID

WHERE o.OrderDate = '2014-07-17'

-- 056

SELECT *

FROM warehouse.StockItems

WHERE StockItemID NOT IN ( SELECT StockItemID

FROM sales.Orderlines)

-- 057

CREATE TABLE dbo.Customers

(

CustomerID tinyint NOT NULL IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY

,FirstName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,LastName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,[Address] varchar(100) NOT NULL

);

CREATE TABLE dbo.Orders

(

OrderID tinyint NOT NULL IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY

,CustomerID tinyint NOT NULL

,OrderDate datetime NOT NULL

,SalesAmount decimal(18,2) NOT NULL

);

INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson', 'Main street 1, Dallas');

INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Frank', 'Smith', 'Second street 2, Miami');

INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Joe', 'Johnson', 'Third Avenue 3, New York');

INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES (1, '2011-01-01', 30.02);

INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES (2, '2012-02-02', 15.99);

INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES (4, '2014-04-04', 107.00);

-- 058

SELECT *

FROM dbo.Customers c

LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.Orders o ON c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID

-- 059

SELECT *

FROM dbo.Customers c

RIGHT OUTER JOIN dbo.Orders o ON c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID

-- 060

INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES (1, '2015-05-05', 230.02);

-- 061

SELECT *

FROM dbo.Customers c

FULL OUTER JOIN dbo.Orders o ON c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID

-- 062

CREATE TABLE dbo.OrderLines

(

OrderLineID tinyint NOT NULL

,OrderID tinyint NOT NULL

,Product varchar(100) NOT NULL

,Units tinyint NOT NULL

,UnitPrice decimal(18,2) NOT NULL

);

INSERT dbo.OrderLines VALUES (1, 1, 'ProductA', 1, 10.04);

INSERT dbo.OrderLines VALUES (2, 1, 'ProductB', 2, 9.99);

-- 063

SELECT *

FROM dbo.Customers c

INNER JOIN dbo.Orders o ON c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID

LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.OrderLines ol on ol.OrderID = o.OrderID;

-- 064

SELECT c.FirstName

,c.LastName

,o.OrderDate

,o.SalesAmount

,ol.Product

,ol.Units

,ol.UnitPrice

FROM dbo.Customers c

INNER JOIN dbo.Orders o ON c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID

LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.OrderLines ol on ol.OrderID = o.OrderID

ORDER BY c.CustomerID, o.OrderID, ol.OrderLineID;

-- 065

DROP TABLE dbo.Customers;

DROP TABLE dbo.Orders;

DROP TABLE dbo.OrderLines;

-- Construct multiple JOIN operators using AND and OR

-- 066

CREATE TABLE dbo.Customers

(

FirstName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,LastName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,[Address] varchar(100) NOT NULL

);

ALTER TABLE dbo.Customers ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Customers

PRIMARY KEY (FirstName, LastName)

CREATE TABLE dbo.Orders

(

OrderID tinyint NOT NULL IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY

,FirstName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,LastName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,OrderDate datetime NOT NULL

,SalesAmount decimal(18,2) NOT NULL

);

INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson', 'Main street 1, Dallas');

INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Frank', 'Smith', 'Second street 2, Miami');

INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Joe', 'Johnson', 'Third Avenue 3, New York');

INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson', '2011-01-01', 30.02);

INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES ('Frank', 'Smith', '2012-02-02', 15.99);

INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES ('Bob', 'Smith', '2014-04-04', 107.00);

-- 067

SELECT *

FROM dbo.Customers c

FULL OUTER JOIN dbo.Orders o

ON c.FirstName = o.FirstName AND c.LastName = o.LastName

-- 068

DROP TABLE dbo.Customers;

DROP TABLE dbo.Orders;

-- 069

CREATE TABLE dbo.Student

(

CustomerID tinyint NOT NULL IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY

,FirstName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,LastName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,FatherID tinyint NOT NULL

,MotherID tinyint NOT NULL

,IsCurrent bit NOT NULL

);

CREATE TABLE dbo.Parent

(

ParentID tinyint NOT NULL IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY

,FirstName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,LastName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,EmailAddress varchar(100) NULL

);

INSERT dbo.Student VALUES ('Bob jr', 'Jackson', 1,2, 0);

INSERT dbo.Student VALUES ('Joe jr', 'Johnson', 3,4, 1);

INSERT dbo.Parent VALUES ('Bob sr', 'Jackson', NULL);

INSERT dbo.Parent VALUES ('Betty', 'Jackson', 'bettyjackson@someprovider.com');

INSERT dbo.Parent VALUES ('Joe sr', 'Johnson', 'joejohnson@someprovider.com');

INSERT dbo.Parent VALUES ('Jane', 'Johnson', 'janejohnson@someprovider.com');

-- 070

SELECT s.FirstName AS 'Student first name'

,s.LastName AS 'Student last name'

,p.FirstName AS 'Parent first name'

,p.LastName AS 'Parent last name'

,p.EmailAddress

FROM dbo.Student s

inner join Parent p on s.FatherID = p.ParentID OR s.MotherID = p.ParentID

WHERE s.IsCurrent = 1

-- 071

DROP TABLE dbo.Student

DROP TABLE dbo.Parent

-- Write queries with NULLs on joins

-- 072

CREATE TABLE dbo.Customers

(

CustomerID tinyint NULL

,FirstName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,LastName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,[Address] varchar(100) NOT NULL

);

CREATE TABLE dbo.Orders

(

OrderID tinyint NOT NULL IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY

,CustomerID tinyint NULL

,OrderDate datetime NOT NULL

,SalesAmount decimal(18,2) NOT NULL

);

INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES (1, 'Bob', 'Jackson', 'Main street 1, Dallas');

INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES (2, 'Frank', 'Smith', 'Second street 2, Miami');

INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES (NULL, 'Joe', 'Johnson', 'Third Avenue 3, New York');

INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES (1, '2011-01-01', 30.02);

INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES (2, '2012-02-02', 15.99);

INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES (NULL, '2014-04-04', 107.00);

-- 073

SELECT *

FROM dbo.Customers c

INNER JOIN dbo.Orders o ON c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID

-- 074

SELECT ISNULL(CustomerID, 99)

FROM dbo.Customers

-- 075

SELECT *

FROM dbo.Customers c

INNER JOIN dbo.Orders o ON ISNULL(c.CustomerID,99) = ISNULL(o.CustomerID,99)

-- 076

SELECT *

FROM dbo.Customers c

INNER JOIN dbo.Orders o ON (c.CustomerID IS NULL and o.CustomerID IS NULL)

OR c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID

-- 077

DROP TABLE dbo.Customers;

DROP TABLE dbo.Orders;

/* Implement functions and aggregate data */

-- 078

SELECT UPPER(FullName)

FROM [Application].[People]

-- 079

SELECT LOWER('ABCDE')

-- 080

SELECT UPPER(LOWER('ABCDE'))

-- 081

SELECT *

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE LOWER(PreferredName) = 'isabelle'

-- 082

SELECT *

FROM fn_virtualfilestats(NULL,NULL);

-- 083

SELECT DB_ID('WideWorldImporters')

-- 084

SELECT DB_NAME(vfs.Dbid) as 'Database'

,mf.name as 'File name'

,mf.physical_name

,CASE NumberReads

WHEN 0 THEN 'none'

ELSE CAST(IoStallReadMS/NumberReads AS varchar(100))

END as 'Read latency'

,CASE NumberWrites

WHEN 0 THEN 'none'

ELSE CAST(IoStallWriteMS/NumberWrites AS varchar(100))

END as 'Write latency'

FROM fn_virtualfilestats(NULL,NULL) vfs

INNER JOIN sys.master_files mf ON vfs.DbId = mf.database_id AND vfs.Fileid = mf.file_id

ORDER BY DbId, file_id;

/* Identify the impact of function usage to query performance and WHERE clause sargability */

-- 085

SELECT PreferredName

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE LEFT(PreferredName,3) = 'Isa'

SELECT PreferredName

FROM [Application].[People]

WHERE PreferredName LIKE 'Isa%'

/* index hint CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [<Name of Missing Index, sysname,>] ON [Application].[People] ([PreferredName]) */

-- 086

CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [NonClusteredIndex-PerformanceDemo] ON [Application].[People]

(

[PreferredName] ASC

)

-- 087

DROP INDEX [NonClusteredIndex-PerformanceDemo] ON [Application].[People]

-- 088

SELECT DATEADD(week, 1, '2017-08-25')

-- 089

SELECT DATEADD(day, -1, GETDATE())

-- 090

CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [NCIX-ExpectedDeliveryDate] ON [Sales].[Orders] ( [ExpectedDeliveryDate] ASC )

-- 091

SELECT OrderID

FROM Sales.Orders

WHERE ExpectedDeliveryDate = DATEADD(day, 1, GETDATE())

SELECT OrderID

FROM Sales.Orders

WHERE GETDATE() = DATEADD(day, -1, ExpectedDeliveryDate)

-- 092

DECLARE @tomorrow date

SET @tomorrow = DATEADD(day, 1, GETDATE())

SELECT OrderID

FROM Sales.Orders

WHERE ExpectedDeliveryDate = @tomorrow

-- 093

DROP INDEX [NCIX-ExpectedDeliveryDate] ON [Sales].[Orders]

/* Identify the differences between deterministic and non-deterministic functions */

-- 094

select RAND()

/* Use built-in aggregate functions */

-- 095

SELECT MAX(preferredname)

FROM Application.People

-- 096

SELECT TOP 1 PreferredName

FROM Application.People

ORDER BY PreferredName DESC

-- 097

SELECT count(*)

FROM sales.orders

-- 098

EXEC sp_spaceused 'sales.orders'

-- 099

SELECT SalespersonPersonID

,count(*) AS 'Orders per salesperson'

FROM sales.orders

GROUP BY SalespersonPersonID

ORDER BY SalespersonPersonID

-- 100

SELECT 'Average' = AVG(quantity)

,'Average #2' = AVG(CAST(quantity as decimal(5,2)))

,'Number' = COUNT(*)

,'Maximum' = MAX(quantity)

,'Minimum' = MIN(quantity)

,'Total' = SUM(quantity)

FROM Sales.Orderlines;

-- 101

SELECT cast(9310904 as dec(18,2))/cast(231412 as dec(18,2))

SELECT 9310904/231412

/* Use arithmetic functions, date-related functions, and system functions */

-- 102

SELECT 'Year' = YEAR('2017-08-26')

,'Year #2' = DATEPART(YEAR,'2017-08-26')

,'Month' = MONTH('2017-08-26')

,'Name of the month' = DATENAME(MONTH,'2017-08-26')

,'Day' = DAY('2017-08-26')

,'Name of the day' = DATENAME(WEEKDAY,'2017-08-26')

,'Day of the week' = DATEPART(WEEKDAY,'2017-08-26');

-- 103

SELECT @@DATEFIRST

-- 104

SET DATEFIRST 1;

SELECT 'First day of the week' = CASE @@DATEFIRST

WHEN 1 THEN 'Monday'

WHEN 2 THEN 'Tuesday'

WHEN 3 THEN 'Wednesday'

WHEN 4 THEN 'Thursday'

WHEN 5 THEN 'Friday'

WHEN 6 THEN 'Saturday'

WHEN 7 THEN 'Sunday'

ELSE 'I do not know what went wrong here'

END

SET DATEFIRST 7;

-- 105

SELECT 'Current time' = Current_Timestamp

,'Current time #2' = GETDATE()

,'Current time more precision' = Sysdatetime()

SELECT 'Current UTC time' = Getutcdate()

,'Current time more precision' = Sysutcdatetime()

,'Current time + UTC offset' = Sysdatetimeoffset()

-- 106

SELECT TODATETIMEOFFSET(GETDATE(), '+00:00')

-- 107

SELECT 'Moscow time' = SWITCHOFFSET (Sysdatetimeoffset(), '+03:00')

-- 108

SELECT ISDATE('2017-02-29')

-- 109

SELECT DATEDIFF(day,'1971-09-03', GETDATE())

/* arithmetic functions */

-- 110

SELECT ABS (7), ABS(-7)

-- 111

SELECT 7 % 3

-- 112

SELECT 'Floor' = FLOOR(12.345)

,'Ceiling' = CEILING(12.345)

,'Round to 100' = ROUND(12.345, -2)

,'Round to 10' = ROUND(12.345, -1)

,'Round to 1' = ROUND(12.345, 0)

,'Round to .1' = ROUND(12.345, 1)

,'Round to .01' = ROUND(12.345, 2)

/* string functions */

-- 113

SELECT CONCAT('mon', 'day')

-- 114

SELECT 'mon' + 'day'

-- 115

SELECT firstname + ' ' + lastname

FROM dbo.parent

SELECT CONCAT(firstname, ' ', lastname)

FROM dbo.parent

-- 116

SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL OFF

SELECT 'mon' + NULL + 'day'

SELECT CONCAT('mon', NULL, 'day')

SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL ON

SELECT 'mon' + NULL + 'day'

SELECT CONCAT('mon', NULL, 'day')

-- 117

SELECT LEFT('monday',3)

SELECT RIGHT('monday',3)

-- 118

SELECT SUBSTRING('The middle part', 5, 6)

-- 119

SELECT LEFT('monday', 3)

-- 120

SELECT SUBSTRING('monday', 1, 3)

-- 121

SELECT CHARINDEX('middle', 'the middle part')

-- 122

SELECT CHARINDEX('t', 'the middle part')

-- 123

SELECT CHARINDEX('t', 'the middle part', 2)

-- 124

SELECT PATINDEX('%m%e%', 'the middle part')

-- 125

SELECT REPLACE('the middle part', 'middle', 'best')

-- 126

SELECT LEN('the middle part')

-- 127

SELECT CHAR(65)

SELECT ASCII('A')

-- 128

DECLARE @strange_string VARCHAR(100)

SET @strange_string = 'mon' + CHAR(27) + 'day'

SELECT @strange_string

SELECT ASCII(SUBSTRING(@strange_string,4,1))

-- 129

BACKUP DATABASE model TO DISK = 'd:\model.bak'

-- 130

SELECT 'BACKUP DATABASE ' + name

FROM sys.databases

WHERE name <> 'tempdb'

-- 131

BACKUP DATABASE master

BACKUP DATABASE model

BACKUP DATABASE msdb

BACKUP DATABASE TestDB

BACKUP DATABASE WideWorldImporters

-- 132

SELECT 'BACKUP DATABASE ' + name + ' TO DISK = D:\' + name + '.bak'

-- 133

SELECT 'BACKUP DATABASE ' + name + ' TO DISK = ''D:\' + name + '.bak'''

-- 134

SELECT 'BACKUP DATABASE ' + name +

' TO DISK = ' + CHAR(39) + 'D:\' + name + '.bak' + CHAR(39)

-- 135

SELECT CONCAT('BACKUP DATABASE ', name,

' TO DISK = ', CHAR(39), 'D:\', name, '.bak', CHAR(39))

-- 136

SELECT REVERSE('monday')

/* system functions */

-- 136

SELECT HOST_NAME()

-- 137

SELECT USER_NAME()

-- 138

CREATE TABLE dbo.Employees

(

EmployeeID tinyint NOT NULL IDENTITY

,FirstName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,LastName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,[Address] varchar(100) NOT NULL

);

-- 139

INSERT dbo.Employees VALUES ('Jack', 'Ford', 'Second street 2, Denver');

-- 140

INSERT dbo.Employees VALUES (1, 'Jack', 'Ford', 'Second street 2, Denver');

-- 141

SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.Employees ON;

INSERT dbo.Employees (EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, Address)

VALUES (1, 'Donald', 'Charleston', 'Times Square, New York');

SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.Employees OFF;

-- 142

INSERT dbo.Empolyees (FirstName, LastName, Address)

VALUES ('A.', 'Snowman' 'Mount Everest, Nepal');

SELECT @@IDENTITY

-- 143

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dbo.Orders

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dbo.OrderLines

CREATE TABLE dbo.Orders

(

OrderID tinyint NOT NULL IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY

,CustomerID tinyint NOT NULL

,OrderDate datetime NOT NULL

,SalesAmount decimal(18,2) NOT NULL

);

CREATE TABLE dbo.OrderLines

(

OrderLineID tinyint NOT NULL IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY

,OrderID tinyint NOT NULL

,Product varchar(100) NOT NULL

,Units tinyint NOT NULL

,UnitPrice decimal(18,2) NOT NULL

);

DECLARE @OrderID tinyint

INSERT dbo.Orders VALUES (1,'2015-05-05', 230.02);

SELECT @OrderID = @@IDENTITY

INSERT dbo.OrderLines VALUES ( @OrderID, 'ProductA', 1, 10.04);

-- 144

/*Old syntax to drop a table only if it exists*/

IF EXISTS ( SELECT name

FROM sys.tables

WHERE name = 'Orders'

and schema_id=SCHEMA_ID('dbo'))

DROP TABLE dbo.Orders

-- 145

SELECT IDENT_CURRENT('dbo.Orders')

-- 146

SELECT 'Globally unique identifier' = NEWID()

-- 147

CREATE TABLE tblGUID (

id uniqueidentifier DEFAULT NEWSEQUENTIALID()

,text varchar(100));

INSERT tblGUID (text) VALUES ('One')

INSERT tblGUID (text) VALUES ('Two')

INSERT tblGUID (text) VALUES ('Three')

SELECT *

FROM tblGUID

-- 148

SELECT ISNUMERIC('12') as Number

,ISNUMERIC(12) as Number

,ISNUMERIC('12A') as Number

-- 149

SELECT TRY_CAST('$20' as money)

SELECT TRY_CAST('$20' as int)

SELECT CAST('$20' as int)

-- 150

SELECT CAST('20170914' AS datetime)

,CONVERT(datetime, '20170914')

-- 151

SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 100) AS 'Default'

,CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 101) AS 'US'

,CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 1) AS 'US (without century)'

,CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 126) AS 'ISO8601'

,CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 113) AS 'Europe default'

-- 152

SELECT *

FROM [Sales].[Invoices]

SELECT @@ROWCOUNT AS 'Number of records affected'

-- 153

SELECT *

FROM [Sales].[Invoices]

SELECT ROWCOUNT_BIG() AS 'Number of records affected'

/* Modify data */

-- 154

DROP IF EXISTS TABLE dbo.Employees

CREATE TABLE dbo.Employees

(

EmployeeID tinyint NOT NULL IDENTITY

,FirstName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,LastName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,[Address] varchar(100) NOT NULL

);

INSERT dbo.Customers VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson', 'Main street 1, Dallas');

-- 155

INSERT dbo.Employees (FirstName, LastName)

VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson')

INSERT dbo.Employees (FirstName, LastName, Address)

VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson', NULL)

-- 156

CREATE TABLE dbo.Employees

(

EmployeeID tinyint NOT NULL IDENTITY

,FirstName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,LastName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,[Address] varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'Under the bridge'

)

-- 157

ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ADD DEFAULT ('Under the bridge') FOR [Address]

INSERT dbo.Employees (FirstName, LastName)

VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson')

-- 158

INSERT dbo.Employees (FirstName, LastName)

VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson')

INSERT dbo.Employees (FirstName, LastName, Address)

VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson', DEFAULT)

-- 159

INSERT dbo.Employees DEFAULT VALUES

-- 160

INSERT dbo.Employees (FirstName, LastName)

VALUES ('Bob', 'Jackson')

,('Bo', 'Jackson')

,('Bill', 'Jackson')

-- 161

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dbo.Employees_backup

CREATE TABLE dbo.Employees_backup

(

FirstName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,LastName varchar(100) NOT NULL

,[Address] varchar(100) NOT NULL

)

INSERT dbo.Employees_backup

SELECT FirstName, LastName, [Address]

FROM dbo.Employees

-- 162

INSERT dbo.Employees_backup

SELECT FirstName, LastName, [Address]

FROM dbo.Employees

UNION

SELECT 'Tim', 'Smith', 'Miami'

-- 163

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dbo.Employees_backup

SELECT FirstName, LastName, [Address]

INTO dbo.Employees_backup

FROM dbo.Employees

-- 164

CREATE PROC dbo.usp_get_employees

BEGIN

SELECT FirstName, LastName, Address FROM dbo.Employees

END

-- 165

EXEC usp_get_employees

-- 166

INSERT dbo.Employees_backup

EXEC usp_get_employees

-- 167

DECLARE @sql nvarchar(1000)

SET @sql = 'SELECT FirstName, LastName, Address FROM dbo.Employees'

EXEC (@sql)

-- 168

EXEC sp_executesql @statement = @sql

-- 169

INSERT dbo.Employees_backup

EXEC (@sql)

-- 170

INSERT dbo.Employees_backup

EXEC sp_executesql @statement = @sql

/* In more detail: dynamic SQL */

-- 171

SELECT TOP (3) *

FROM dbo.Employees

-- 172

SELECT TOP 50 percent *

FROM dbo.Employees

-- 173

SELECT TOP 50 percent *

FROM dbo.Employees

ORDER BY LastName

-- 174

DECLARE @sql varchar(1000)

,@top int

SET @top = 3

SET @sql = 'SELECT TOP ' + CAST (@top as varchar(10)) + 'FirstName, LastName, Address FROM dbo.Employees'

EXEC (@sql)

-- 175

-- create the table

CREATE TABLE Students (

FirstName varchar(100)

,LastName varchar(100))

INSERT INTO dbo.Students (FirstName, LastName) VALUES('Robert', 'Tables')

-- fetch the student record

DECLARE @sql nvarchar(1000)

,@Firstname nvarchar(1000)

SET @Firstname = 'Robert'

SET @sql = 'SELECT * FROM dbo.Students WHERE FirstName = ' + CHAR(39) + @Firstname + CHAR(39)

EXEC (@sql)

-- 176

SET @Firstname = 'Robert''; DROP TABLE dbo.Students--'

-- 177

SET @sql = 'SELECT * FROM dbo.Students WHERE FirstName = @FirstName'

EXECUTE sp_executesql

@statement = @sql

,@parameters = N'@FirstName as varchar(1000)'

,@FirstName = @FirstName

-- 178

DECLARE @sql nvarchar(1000)

,@top int

SET @sql = 'SELECT TOP (@top) FirstName, LastName, Address FROM dbo.Employees'

SET @top = 3

EXEC sp_executesql

@statement = @sql

,@parameters = N'@top as int'

,@top = @top

-- 179

SELECT TOP (@top) FirstName, LastName, Address

FROM dbo.Employees

/* Cursors */

-- 180

USE WideWorldImporters

DECLARE crsLoop CURSOR FOR

SELECT TOP (50) FullName, UserPreferences

FROM [Application].[People]

ORDER BY FullName

DECLARE @FullName nvarchar(50)

,@UserPreferences nvarchar(max)

OPEN crsLoop

FETCH NEXT FROM crsLoop INTO @FullName, @UserPreferences

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0

BEGIN

SELECT @FullName AS [Full Name], @UserPreferences AS [User Preferences]

FETCH NEXT FROM crsLoop INTO @FullName, @UserPreferences

END

CLOSE crsLoop

DEALLOCATE crsLoop

-- 181

SELECT @@SPID

-- 182

KILL 58

-- 183

SELECT *

FROM master..sysprocesses

WHERE dbid= DB_ID('TestDB')

-- 184

SELECT spid

FROM master..sysprocesses

WHERE dbid= DB_ID('TestDB')

GROUP BY spid

SELECT DISTINCT spid

FROM master..sysprocesses

WHERE dbid= DB_ID('TestDB')

-- 185

SELECT 'KILL ' + CAST(spid AS VARCHAR(10))

-- 186

DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(100);

DECLARE crsKill CURSOR LOCAL FAST_FORWARD

FOR SELECT 'KILL ' + CAST(spid AS VARCHAR(10))

FROM master.dbo.sysprocesses

WHERE dbid = DB_ID('TestDB')

GROUP BY spid;

OPEN crsKill;

FETCH crsKill INTO @SQL;

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0

BEGIN

EXEC sp_executesql @SQL;

FETCH crsKill INTO @SQL

END;

CLOSE crsKill;

DEALLOCATE crsKill;

/* update */

-- 187

UPDATE dbo.Employees

SET LastName = 'Didley'

WHERE FirstName = 'Bo'

-- 188

UPDATE TOP (1) dbo.Employees

SET LastName = 'Didley'

WHERE FirstName = 'Bo'

ORDER BY EmployeeID

-- 189

UPDATE dbo.Employees

SET LastName = 'Didley'

FROM ( SELECT TOP (1) EmployeeID

FROM dbo.Employees

WHERE FirstName = 'Bo'

ORDER BY EmployeeID) AS e

WHERE e.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID

-- 190

UPDATE dbo.Employees

SET LastName = LTRIM(RTRIM(LastName))

,Address = DEFAULT

WHERE FirstName = 'Bo'

-- 191

UPDATE dbo.Employees

SET LastName = LTRIM(RTRIM(LastName))

,Address = 'Home of mr. ' + FirstName + ' ' + LastName

WHERE FirstName = 'Bo'

-- 192

ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ADD Salary decimal(18,2) DEFAULT 1000.00

UPDATE dbo.Employees

SET Salary = DEFAULT

-- 193

UPDATE dbo.Employees

SET Salary = Salary + 100

WHERE FirstName = 'Bo'

UPDATE dbo.Employees

SET Salary += 100

WHERE FirstName = 'Bo'

-- 194

-- Bitwise comparison operators

SELECT 1 & 1 AS 'Two ones', 1 & 0 AS 'Left one', 0 & 1 AS 'Right one', 0 & 0 AS 'No one'

SELECT 1 | 1 AS 'Two ones', 1 | 0 AS 'Left one', 0 | 1 AS 'Right one', 0 | 0 AS 'No one'

SELECT 1 ^ 1 AS 'Two ones', 1 ^ 0 AS 'Left one', 0 ^ 1 AS 'Right one', 0 ^ 0 AS 'No one'

-- 195

SELECT 5 & 19, 5 | 19, 5 ^ 19

-- 196

-- Update on join

UPDATE c

SET c.StandardDiscountPercentage = 5

FROM sales.customers c

INNER JOIN sales.Orders o on c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID

WHERE o.OrderDate > '2016-01-01'

-- 197

UPDATE Sales.Customers

SET StandardDiscountPercentage = 0

WHERE StandardDiscountPercentage = 5

-- 198

-- Nondeterministic update on join

UPDATE o

SET comments = ol.Description

FROM sales.orders o

INNER JOIN sales.orderlines ol ON o.orderid = ol.orderid

WHERE o.OrderID = 46

-- 199

UPDATE Sales.Orders

SET comments = NULL

-- 200

-- Update WHERE CURRENT OF

DECLARE crsOrders CURSOR FOR

SELECT orderid

FROM Sales.orders

DECLARE @orderid int

OPEN crsOrders

FETCH NEXT FROM crsOrders INTO @orderid

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0

BEGIN

UPDATE Sales.Orders

SET Comments = 'This is order ' + CAST(@orderid AS VARCHAR(10))

WHERE CURRENT OF crsOrders

FETCH NEXT FROM crsOrders INTO @orderid

END

CLOSE crsOrders

DEALLOCATE crsOrders

-- 201

UPDATE Sales.Orders

SET Comments = 'This is order ' + CAST(OrderId as varchar(10))

-- 202

UPDATE Sales.Orders

SET comments = NULL

-- 203

DECLARE @Comments nvarchar(max)

UPDATE Sales.Orders

SET @Comments = Comments = 'This is order ' + CAST (OrderId as varchar(10))

WHERE OrderId = 1

SELECT @Comments

/* Delete */

-- 204

SELECT *

FROM sales.customers c

INNER JOIN sales.Orders o on c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID

WHERE o.OrderDate < '2010-01-01'

-- 205

DELETE

FROM c

FROM sales.customers c

INNER JOIN sales.Orders o on c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID

WHERE o.OrderDate < '2010-01-01'

-- 206

DECLARE @rowcount int;

SET @rowcount = 1;

WHILE @rowcount > 0

BEGIN

DELETE TOP (100000)

FROM dbo.MyVeryLargeTable;

SET @rowcount = @@rowcount;

WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10';

END;

/* Output clause */

-- 207

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS output_test

CREATE TABLE output_test (id int, SomeText varchar(100))

INSERT output_test (id, SomeText) VALUES (1, 'before')

INSERT output_test (id, SomeText) VALUES (2, 'before')

UPDATE output_test

SET SomeText = 'after'

OUTPUT DELETED.*, INSERTED.*

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS output_test

-- 208

INSERT output_test (id, SomeText) OUTPUT INSERTED.* VALUES (2, 'before')

-- 209

INSERT output_test (id, SomeText) OUTPUT INSERTED.id VALUES (2, 'before')

-- 210

OUTPUT DELETED.* INTO output_test_before

-- 211

OUTPUT DELETED.id, DELETED.SomeText, GETDATE() INTO output_test_before (id, Sometext, ChangeTime)

/* Merge statement */

-- 212

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Params_target

CREATE TABLE Params_target (drive CHAR(1), threshold_in_GB tinyint)

INSERT Params_target VALUES ('C',10), ('D',10), ('E',10), ('Q',10)

DECLARE @drive CHAR(1) = 'Q'

,@threshold_in_GB tinyint = 1

IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Params_target WHERE drive = @drive)

BEGIN

UPDATE Params_target

SET threshold_in_GB = @threshold_in_GB

WHERE drive = @drive

END

ELSE

BEGIN

INSERT Params_target VALUES(@drive, @threshold_in_GB)

END

-- 213

SELECT *

FROM Params_target

ORDER BY drive

-- 214

-- setup

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Params_target

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Params_source

CREATE TABLE Params_target (drive CHAR(1), threshold_in_GB tinyint)

INSERT Params_target VALUES ('C',10), ('D',10), ('E',10), ('Q',1)

CREATE TABLE Params_source (drive CHAR(1), threshold_in_GB tinyint)

INSERT Params_source VALUES('Q',1)

--actual MERGE statement

MERGE Params_target AS TARGET

USING Params_source AS SOURCE

ON TARGET.drive = SOURCE.drive

WHEN MATCHED AND SOURCE.threshold_in_GB <> TARGET.threshold_in_GB THEN

UPDATE SET threshold_in_GB = SOURCE.threshold_in_GB

WHEN NOT MATCHED BY TARGET THEN

INSERT (drive, threshold_in_GB) VALUES (SOURCE.drive, SOURCE.threshold_in_GB)

WHEN NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE THEN

DELETE

OUTPUT $action, deleted.threshold_in_GB, inserted.threshold_in_GB;

/* Determine the results of Data Definition Language (DDL) statements on supplied tables and data */

-- 215

-- add column

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD Department varchar(100) NULL

-- 216

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] DROP COLUMN Department

-- 217

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD Department varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'Sales'

Msg 5074, Level 16, State 1, Line 12

The object 'DF__Employees__Depar__2F5453E4' is dependent on column 'Department'.

Msg 4922, Level 16, State 9, Line 12

ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN Department failed because one or more objects access this column.

-- 218

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] DROP CONSTRAINT [DF__Employees__Depar__2F5453E4]

-- 219

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD Department varchar(100) NOT NULL

CONSTRAINT DF_Department DEFAULT 'Sales'

-- 220

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD Department varchar(100) NULL

CONSTRAINT DF_Department DEFAULT 'Sales' WITH VALUES

-- 221

SELECT FirstName, LastName, Address, Salary

INTO Employees_test

FROM dbo.employees

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees_test] ADD EmployeeID int IDENTITY

/* alter column */

-- 222

ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ALTER COLUMN LastName int

-- 223

ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ALTER COLUMN LastName varchar(5)

-- 224

ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ALTER COLUMN LastName varchar(50)

-- 225

ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ALTER COLUMN EmployeeId tinyint

-- 226

ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Employeeid PRIMARY KEY (EmployeeId)

-- 227

CREATE TABLE Departments (Department varchar(100) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY)

INSERT Departments VALUES ('Sales')

ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Department FOREIGN KEY (Department) REFERENCES Departments(Department)

ALTER TABLE dbo.Employees ALTER COLUMN Department varchar(200)

-- 228

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD EmployeeNumber int NULL

UPDATE dbo.Employees SET EmployeeNumber = EmployeeID

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD CONSTRAINT uq_employeenumber UNIQUE (EmployeeNumber)

INSERT dbo.Employees (FirstName, LastName, Address, Salary, Department, EmployeeNumber)

VALUES('Lisa', 'Simpson','Springfield',1500.00,'Sales', NULL )

-- 229

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] DROP COLUMN EmployeeNumber

-- 230

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] DROP CONSTRAINT uq_employeenumber

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] DROP COLUMN EmployeeNumber

-- 231

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] ADD EmployeeNumber int NULL

EXEC sp_rename 'Employees.EmployeeNumber', 'Employee_Number'

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] DROP COLUMN Employee_Number

/* drop column */

-- 232

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] DROP COLUMN Department

-- 233

CREATE INDEX ix_department ON dbo.Employees(Department)

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] DROP COLUMN Department

-- 234

DROP INDEX ix_lastname

-- 235

ALTER TABLE table WITH CHECK CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL

Errata for my book on Querying data with Transact-SQL (MCSA 70-761)

Posted on July 8, 2018 by Robert

If you find any errors in the book, please let me know. This will help not only myself, but also other readers.

Posted in MCSA SQL 2016 70-761 | 5 Comments

Screenshots of tables

Posted on April 18, 2018 by Robert

This gallery contains 5 photos.

It appears that on some Kindle devices, it is hard to read the tables. Therefore, on request, I’ve put the screenshots of the tables here. Tip: you can also read the eBook on Amazon Cloud Reader (https://read.amazon.com)

More Galleries | Leave a comment

Insert object in Word document with Powershell

Posted on April 23, 2016 by Robert

At times, you have to create reports in Word format. If these are reports you have to create on a regular basis, you’ll want to automate this as much as possible. There is a lot you can do to automate … Continue reading →

Posted in Code samples, Powershell | Leave a comment

Installing SQL Server 2008 R2

Posted on March 14, 2016 by Robert

This video demonstrates the installation for SQL Server 2008 R2. It is supporting material for my eBook on Database Fundamentals, which covers the Microsoft MTA 98-364 exam. In this video, I explain the installation process step by step. The purpose of … Continue reading →

Posted in MTA 98-364 | Leave a comment

Does the Powershell command Restart-Service -force restart dependent services?

Posted on October 6, 2015 by Robert

This could be my shortest post ever, with a simple “yes”, but let me elaborate. At times, you have to restart a service. With Powershell, this is easy enough (provided you have the right permissions): Restart-Service -name will do the … Continue reading →

Posted in Powershell, Uncategorized | Leave a comment

My book on Database Fundamentals is now available!

Posted on September 29, 2015 by Robert

Finally, I’ve finished my book on the Microsoft Technology Associate 98-364 exam: Database Fundamentals. It’s available in the iTunes book store: https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/id1043228558 I decided to make it an iBook, since this format provides a combination of text, screenshots, screencasts and interactive test … Continue reading →

Posted in MTA 98-364 | 7 Comments

How to create a list of installed SQL Server instances on a cluster

Posted on September 15, 2015 by Robert

On a normal server, there are several Powershell ways to get a list of all installed SQL instances. Probably the most straightforward way is to query the registry:

Get-Itemproperty -path 'HKLM:\software\microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server' ` 
 | Select-Object -expandproperty installedinstances

1 2	Get-Itemproperty -path 'HKLM:\software\microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server' ` \| Select-Object -expandproperty installedinstances

You can subsequently use the output to query all instances on … Continue reading →

Posted in Powershell | Leave a comment

Powershell disk inventory

Posted on August 30, 2015 by Robert

Every now and then, I have to tackle a performance problem on a SQL Server I’ve never seen before. One of the things I’ll be looking for is the block size of the disks. The block size for drives containing … Continue reading →

Posted in Performance, Powershell | Leave a comment

Code samples for my book on Database Fundamentals (MTA 98-364), chapter 4

Posted on June 18, 2015 by Robert

SELECT 'Average' = AVG(quantity)
 ,'Average #2' = AVG(CAST(quantity as decimal(5,2)))
 ,'Number' = COUNT(*)
 ,'Maximum' = MAX(quantity)
 ,'Minimum' = MIN(quantity)
 ,'Total' = SUM(quantity)
FROM Orderlines;

SELECT OrderDate
 ,'Payment due' = DATEADD(m,1,OrderDate)
 ,'Days ago' = DATEDIFF(dd,OrderDate,GETDATE())
 ,'Today' = GETDATE()
FROM Orders;

SELECT 'Left 3' = LEFT('ABCDE', 3)
 ,'Length' = LEN('ABCDE')
 ,'Lower case' = LOWER('Abcde')
 ,'No leading spaces' = (LTRIM(' ABCDE'))
 ,'Right 3' = RIGHT('ABCDE', 3)
 ,'No trailing spaces' = RTRIM('ABCDE ')
 ,'Upper case' = UPPER('Abcde');

--create function
CREATE FUNCTION fnDoubler (@input INT)
RETURNS INT
AS
BEGIN
 SET @input = @input * 2;
 RETURN @input
END 

--call function
SELECT '16 * 2 = ' = dbo.fndoubler(16);

-- Create the Logging table

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Logging] (

LogTime smalldatetime

, LogMessage varchar(1000));

SELECT 'Average' = AVG(quantity)

,'Average #2' = AVG(CAST(quantity as decimal(5,2)))

,'Number' = COUNT(*)

,'Maximum' = MAX(quantity)

,'Minimum' = MIN(quantity)

,'Total' = SUM(quantity)

FROM Orderlines;

SELECT OrderDate

,'Payment due' = DATEADD(m,1,OrderDate)

,'Days ago' = DATEDIFF(dd,OrderDate,GETDATE())

,'Today' = GETDATE()

FROM Orders;

SELECT 'Left 3' = LEFT('ABCDE', 3)

,'Length' = LEN('ABCDE')

,'Lower case' = LOWER('Abcde')

,'No leading spaces' = (LTRIM(' ABCDE'))

,'Right 3' = RIGHT('ABCDE', 3)

,'No trailing spaces' = RTRIM('ABCDE ')

,'Upper case' = UPPER('Abcde');

--create function

CREATE FUNCTION fnDoubler (@input INT)

RETURNS INT

BEGIN

SET @input = @input * 2;

RETURN @input

END

--call function

SELECT '16 * 2 = ' = dbo.fndoubler(16);

-- Create the Logging table

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Logging] (

LogTime smalldatetime

, LogMessage varchar(1000));

Posted in Code samples, MTA 98-364 | Leave a comment

Author Archives: Robert

Code samples for my book on Querying data with Transact-SQL (MCSA 70-761), chapter 1

Errata for my book on Querying data with Transact-SQL (MCSA 70-761)

Screenshots of tables

Insert object in Word document with Powershell

Installing SQL Server 2008 R2

Does the Powershell command Restart-Service -force restart dependent services?

My book on Database Fundamentals is now available!

How to create a list of installed SQL Server instances on a cluster

Powershell disk inventory

Code samples for my book on Database Fundamentals (MTA 98-364), chapter 4

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